View source for Extension:Math/Syntax/zh

<languages /> 
{{Outdated}}
{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=MediaWiki|1=zh-hans:扩展; zh-hant:擴充功能;}}
'''{{ll|Extension:Math|Math}}'''擴充功能使用'''[[w:zh:TeX|{{TeX}}]]標記'''的子集，包括[[w:zh:LaTeX|LaTeX]]和[[w:zh:AMS-LaTeX|AMS-LaTeX]]的一些擴充功能，來顯示數學公式。
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It either generates [[w:SVG|SVG]], [[w:MathML|MathML]] markup, or uses [[w:MathJax|MathJax]] to render math on the client side, depending on {{ll|Help:Preferences#Math|user preferences}} and the complexity of the expression.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
MathML and MathJax are planned to be used more in the future, with the SVG images becoming deprecated.
</div>

准确地说，MediaWiki通过[[:zh:Texvc|Texvc]]过滤标记，再依次將指令傳給TeX去進行實際的[[w:zh:渲染|呈現]]。因此，只有-{zh:支持;zh-hans:支持;zh-hant:支援;}-一小部份的TeX语言；参见下方以了解详情。

<span id="Top-level_syntax"></span>
===頂層语法===

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
传统的数学标记在[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:XML-style tags|XML形式的标签]]math内：<code><nowiki><math> ... </math></nowiki></code>。旧版的[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit toolbar|编辑工具栏]]有此链接，可以通过[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor/Toolbar customization|自定义WikiEditor工具栏]]来添加类似地按钮。图标是像这样的：[[Image:Math icon.png|{{MediaWiki:Math tip}}]]和<math>\sqrt{n}</math>。
</div> 

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
然而，也可以使用解析器函数[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#Miscellaneous|#tag]]来显示公式: <code><nowiki>{{#tag:math|...}}</nowiki></code>。这个方法更加强大，因为解析器函数的参数会先[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Expansion|展开]]，然后再解释为{{TeX}}代码。所以这里可以包含模板参数、变量、其他解析器函数、其他模板等。然而，请注意{{TeX}}语法内如果遇到双重花括号，则必须用空格隔开，以免被误解析为模板调用。另外，如果要在公式里显示“|”管道符号，需要用<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>代替。
</div>

在{{TeX}}中，就像在HTML中，多出來的空格和新行会被忽略。

<span id="Rendering"></span>
===渲染===

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
PNG图像的[[zh:WP:ALT|替换文本]]，可以用于视觉障碍或无法读图的读者，当文本被选中和复制时会被使用，默认为图像的维基源代码，不包括<code><nowiki><math></nowiki></code>和<code><nowiki></math></nowiki></code>。你可以通过清楚地为{{code2|math}}元素添加一个<code>alt</code>属性来覆盖它。比如，<code><nowiki><math alt="π的算术平方根">\sqrt{\pi}</math></nowiki></code>产生图像<math alt="π的算术平方根">\sqrt{\pi}</math>，其替换文本为“π的算术平方根”。
</div> 

<span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">除了函数和操作符名称，只要是数学变量，字母都是斜体的，数字不是斜体。对于其他文本，像变量标签，如要避免渲染成像棉量那样的斜体，使用<code>\text</code>、<code>\mbox</code>或<code>\mathrm</code>。你也可以通过<code>\operatorname{...}</code>来定义新的函数。比如，<code><nowiki><math>\text{abc}</math></nowiki></code>产生<math>\text{abc}</math>。也可用如下的寫法定義新函數名 <code>\operatorname{...}</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For example, <code><nowiki><math>\text{abc}</math></nowiki></code> gives <math>\text{abc}</math>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can also define new function names using <code>\operatorname{...}</code>.</span>

<span id="Special_characters"></span>
=== 特殊字符 ===

以下字符是保留字，和LaTeX下的含义相同，或者在所有字体下都不可用。

<nowiki>#</nowiki> $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \

如果需要显示这些保留字，就要在前面加上斜杠（\）。

<code><nowiki><math>\# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \}  </math></nowiki></code> → <math>\# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \}  </math>

其他拥有特殊名称：

<code><nowiki><math> \hat{} \quad \tilde{} \quad \backslash </math></nowiki></code> → <math> \hat{} \quad \tilde{} \quad \backslash </math>

<span id="{{TeX}}_and_HTML"></span>
=={{TeX}}和HTML==

在介绍用于产生特殊字符的{{TeX}}标记前需要注意的是，就像这个比较表显示的那样，有时类似的结果可以在HTML中实现（参见[[Help:Special characters|特殊字符]]）。
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! {{TeX}}语法（[[#强制PNG渲染|强制PNG]]）
! {{TeX}}渲染
! HTML语法
! HTML渲染
|-
| <code><nowiki><math>\alpha</math></nowiki></code>
| <math>\alpha</math>
| <code><nowiki>{{math|<var>&amp;alpha;</var>}}</nowiki></code>
| {{math|<var>&alpha;</var>}}
|-
| <code><nowiki><math> f(x) = x^2\,</math></nowiki></code>
| <math> f(x) = x^2\,</math>
| <code><nowiki>{{math|''f''(<var>x</var>) {{=}} <var>x</var><sup>2</sup>}}</nowiki></code>
| {{math|''f''(<var>x</var>) {{=}} <var>x</var><sup>2</sup>}}
|-
| <code><nowiki><math>\sqrt{2}</math></nowiki></code>
| <math>\sqrt{2}</math>
| <code><nowiki>{{math|{{radical|2}}}}</nowiki></code>
| {{math|{{radical|2}}}}
|-
| <code><nowiki><math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math></nowiki></code>
| <math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>
| <code><nowiki>{{math|{{radical|1 &amp;minus; ''e''&amp;sup2;}}}}</nowiki></code>
| {{math|{{radical|1 &minus; ''e''&sup2;}}}}
|}

左侧的代码可以产生右侧的符号, 后者除&lsquo;=&rsquo;外也可以直接放在维基源代码中.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 语法
! 渲染
|- valign="top"
|<pre><nowiki>&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta;
&amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu;
&amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf;
&amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega;
&amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi;
&amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega;
</nowiki></pre>
| style="texhtml" |α β γ δ ε ζ<br 
/>η θ ι κ λ μ ν<br 
/>ξ ο π ρ σ ς<br 
/>τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br
/>Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π<br
/>Σ Φ Ψ Ω
|- valign="top"
| valign="middle" | <pre><nowiki>&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infty;
&amp;asymp; &amp;prop; {{=}} &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; 
&amp;times; &amp;sdot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime;
&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;Oslash; &amp;oslash;
&amp;isin; &amp;notin; 
&amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe;
&amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; 
&amp;rArr; &amp;hArr; &amp;rarr; &amp;harr; &amp;uarr; 
&amp;alefsym; - &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash; 
</nowiki></pre>
| style="texhtml" |∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞<br 
/>≈ ∝ = ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥<br 
/>× ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″<br 
/>∇ ‰ ° ∴ Ø ø<br
/>∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br
/>¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀<br 
/>⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑<br 
/>ℵ - – —
|}

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
該專案已經同時在HTML和TeX確定了，因為在某些情況下它們各自有不同的優勢。
</div>

<span id="Pros_of_HTML"></span>
===HTML的好处===

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
# HTML中的公式的行為更像常規文本。內聯 HTML 公式始終與 HTML 文字的其餘部分正確對齊，並且在某種程度上可以剪切和粘貼(如果使用[[:en:MathJax|MathJax]]呈現{{TeX}}，則這不是問題一旦，[[bugzilla:32694|bug 32694]]修復，對齊對於 PNG 渲染來說應該不是問題。)
# 公式的背景和字體大小與HTML內容的其餘部分匹配（可以通過使用命令 [[#Color|<code>\pagecolor</code>和<code>\definecolor</code>]]修復{{TeX}}）和外觀遵循CSS和瀏覽器設置，而字體則方便地更改以説明您識別公式。
# 使用HTML代碼作為公式的頁面使用較少的數據進行傳輸，這對於互聯網連接速度較慢或有上限的使用者（例如，使用撥號或移動互聯網連接的使用者，這些使用者的速度很慢或數據上限）非常重要。
# 用戶端文本連結（也稱為腳本集）可以訪問帶有 HTML 代碼的公式排版。
# 使用數學範本輸入的公式的顯示可以通過修改所涉及的範本來方便地更改;此修改將影響所有相關公式，而無需任何手動干預。
# The HTML code, if entered diligently, will contain all semantic information to transform the equation back to {{TeX}} or any other code as needed. It can even contain differences {{TeX}} does not normally catch, e.g. <code><nowiki>{{math|''i''}}</nowiki></code> for the [[:en:imaginary unit|imaginary unit]] and <code><nowiki>{{math|<var>i</var>}}</nowiki></code> for an arbitrary index variable.
# 無論使用什麼設備來呈現公式，使用HTML代碼的公式將盡可能清晰地呈現，
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# The formula&rsquo;s background and font size match the rest of HTML contents (this can be fixed on {{TeX}} formulas by using the commands [[#Color|<code>\pagecolor</code> and <code>\definecolor</code>]]) and the appearance respects CSS and browser settings while the typeface is conveniently altered to help you identify formulae.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Formulae typeset with HTML code will be accessible to client-side script links (a.k.a. scriptlets).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# The display of a formula entered using mathematical templates can be conveniently altered by modifying the templates involved; this modification will affect all relevant formulae without any manual intervention.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# The HTML code, if entered diligently, will contain all semantic information to transform the equation back to {{TeX}} or any other code as needed. It can even contain differences {{TeX}} does not normally catch, e.g. <code><nowiki>{{math|''i''}}</nowiki></code> for the [[:en:imaginary unit|imaginary unit]] and <code><nowiki>{{math|<var>i</var>}}</nowiki></code> for an arbitrary index variable.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Formulae using HTML code will render as sharp as possible no matter what device is used to render them.
</div>

<span id="Pros_of_{{TeX}}"></span>
==={{TeX}}的好处===

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
# {{TeX}} is semantically more precise than HTML.
## In {{TeX}}, "<code><nowiki><math>x</math></nowiki></code>" means "mathematical variable <math>x</math>", whereas in HTML "<code>x</code>" is generic and somewhat ambiguous.
## On the other hand, if you encode the same formula as "<code><nowiki>{{math|<var>x</var>}}</nowiki></code>", you get the same visual result {{math|<var>x</var>}} and no information is lost.  This requires diligence and more typing that could make the formula harder to understand as you type it. However, since there are far more readers than editors, this effort is worth considering if no other rendering options are available (such as [[w:MathJax|MathJax]], which was requested on [[bugzilla:31406|bug 31406]] for use on Wikimedia wikis and [http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/wiki/wikitech/260990 is being implemented] on [[mw:Extension:Math|Extension:Math]] as a new rendering option).
# One consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that {{TeX}} code can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa.{{ref|dilHTML}}  This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc.  Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of {{TeX}}.  It is true that the current situation is not ideal, but that is not a good reason to drop information/contents.  It is more a reason to [[#Bug_reports|help improve the situation]].
# Another consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that {{TeX}} can be converted to [[w:MathML|MathML]] (e.g. by MathJax) for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing the rendering to be better suited for the reader&rsquo;s graphic device.
# {{TeX}} is the preferred text formatting language of most professional mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. It is easier to persuade them to contribute if they can write in {{TeX}}.
# {{TeX}} has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural if you are accustomed to it, and output is more aesthetically pleasing if you focus on a single formula rather than on the whole containing page.
# Once a formula is done correctly in {{TeX}}, it will render reliably, whereas the success of HTML formulae is somewhat dependent on browsers or versions of browsers. Another aspect of this dependency is fonts: the serif font used for rendering formulae is browser-dependent and it may be missing some important glyphs.  While the browser generally capable to substitute a matching glyph from a different font family, it need not be the case for combined glyphs (compare&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<var>{{IPA|a&#773;}}</var>&nbsp;&rsquo; and&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<var style="font-family: SERIF">a&#773;</var>&nbsp;&rsquo;).
# When writing in {{TeX}}, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the software. This does not hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor&rsquo;s intentions on a different browser.{{ref|browsupp}}
# {{TeX}} formulae, by default, render larger and are usually more readable than HTML formulae and are not dependent on client-side browser resources, such as fonts, and so the results are more reliably WYSIWYG.
# While {{TeX}} does not assist you in finding HTML codes or Unicode values (which you can obtain by viewing the HTML source in your browser), cutting and pasting from a {{TeX}} PNG in Wikipedia into simple text will return the LaTeX source.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
## In {{TeX}}, "<code><nowiki><math>x</math></nowiki></code>" means "mathematical variable <math>x</math>", whereas in HTML "<code>x</code>" is generic and somewhat ambiguous.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
## On the other hand, if you encode the same formula as "<code><nowiki>{{math|<var>x</var>}}</nowiki></code>", you get the same visual result {{math|<var>x</var>}} and no information is lost.  This requires diligence and more typing that could make the formula harder to understand as you type it.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# One consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that {{TeX}} code can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa (unless your wikitext follows the style of point&nbsp;1.2). This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc.  Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of {{TeX}}.
</div> 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Another consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that {{TeX}} can be converted to [[w:MathML|MathML]] (e.g. by MathJax) for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing the rendering to be better suited for the reader&rsquo;s graphic device.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# {{TeX}} is the preferred text formatting language of most professional mathematicians, scientists, and engineers writing in English. It is easier to persuade them to contribute if they can write in {{TeX}}.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# {{TeX}} has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural if you are accustomed to it, and output is more aesthetically pleasing if you focus on a single formula rather than on the whole containing page.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Once a formula is done correctly in {{TeX}}, it will render reliably, whereas the success of HTML formulae is somewhat dependent on browsers or versions of browsers. Another aspect of this dependency is fonts: the serif font used for rendering formulae is browser-dependent and it may be missing some important glyphs.  While the browser generally capable to substitute a matching glyph from a different font family, it need not be the case for combined glyphs (compare&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<var>{{IPA|a&#773;}}</var>&nbsp;&rsquo; and&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<var style="font-family: SERIF">a&#773;</var>&nbsp;&rsquo;).
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# When writing in {{TeX}}, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the software. This does not hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor&rsquo;s intentions on a different browser.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# {{TeX}} formulae, by default, render larger and are usually more readable than HTML formulae and are not dependent on client-side browser resources, such as fonts, and so the results are more reliably WYSIWYG.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# While {{TeX}} does not assist you in finding HTML codes or Unicode values (which you can obtain by viewing the HTML source in your browser), cutting and pasting from a {{TeX}} PNG in Wikipedia into simple text will return the LaTeX source.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In some cases it may be the best choice to use neither {{TeX}} nor the html-substitutes, but instead the simple ASCII symbols of a standard keyboard (see below, for an example).
</div>

<span id="Functions,_symbols,_special_characters"></span>
== 函数、符号和特殊字符 ==

<!-- Eight symbols per line seems to be optimal-->
<span id="Accents/diacritics"></span>
=== 声调/变音符号 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}</code>
|<math>\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}\,</math>
|-
|<code>\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}</code>
|<math>\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}</math>
|}

<span id="Standard_functions"></span>
=== 标准函数 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\sin a \cos b \tan c</code>
|<math>\sin a \cos b \tan c</math>
|-
|<code>\sec d \csc e \cot f</code>
|<math>\sec d \csc e \cot f\,</math>
|-
|<code>\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j</code>
|<math>\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\,</math>
|-
|<code>\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n</code>
|<math>\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n</math>
|-
|<code>\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q</code>
|<math>\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q</math>
|-
|<code>\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t</code>
|<math>\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t</math>
|-
|<code>\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y</code>
|<math>\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y</math>
|-
|<code>\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g</code>
|<math>\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g</math>
|-
|<code>\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n</code>
|<math>\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n</math>
|}

<span id="Modular_arithmetic"></span>
=== 模运算 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}</code>
|<math>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\,</math>
|-
|<code>a\,\bmod\,b</code>
|<math>a\,\bmod\,b\,</math>
|}

<span id="Derivatives"></span>
=== 导数 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}</code>
|<math>\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}</math>
|}

<span id="Sets"></span>
=== 集合 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing</code>
|<math>\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\,</math>
|-
|<code>\in \ni \not\in \notin \not\ni \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq</code>
|<math>\in \ni \not\in \notin \not\ni \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\,</math>
|-
|<code>\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus</code>
|<math>\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\,</math>
|-
|<code>\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup</code>
|<math>\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\,</math>
|}

<span id="Operators"></span>
=== 运算符 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - </code>
|<math>+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - \,</math>
|-
|<code>\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot</code>
|<math>\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\,</math>
|-
|<code>\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}</code>
|<math>\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\,</math>
|}

<span id="Logic"></span>
=== 逻辑 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p</code>
|<math>\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\,</math>
|-
|<code>\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And</code>
|<math>\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\,</math>
|}

<span id="Root"></span>
=== 根 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}</code>
|<math>\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}\,</math>
|}

<span id="Relations"></span>
=== 关系 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}</code>
|<math>\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,</math>
|-
|<code>< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto</code>
|<math>< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,</math>
|-
|<code> \lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox</code>
|<math> \lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox</math>
|}

<span id="Geometric"></span>
=== 几何符号 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code><nowiki>\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ</nowiki></code>
|<math>\Diamond \, \Box \, \triangle \, \angle \perp \, \mid \; \nmid \, \| 45^\circ\,</math>
|}

<span id="Arrows"></span>
=== 箭头 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow</code>
|<math>\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,</math>
|-
|<code>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow (or \impliedby) \Longrightarrow (or \implies) \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)</code>
|<math>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow </math>
|-
|<code>\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow</code>
|<math>\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow </math>
|-
|<code>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons</code>
|<math>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,</math>
|-
|<code>\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright</code>
|<math>\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,</math>
|-
|<code>\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft</code>
|<math>\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,</math>
|-
|<code>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow </code>
|<math>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,</math>
|}

<span id="Special"></span>
=== 特殊 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code>\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \colon</code>
|<math>\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \colon \,</math>
|-
|<code>\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top</code>
|<math>\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\,</math>
|-
|<code>\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar</code>
|<math>\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\,</math>
|-
|<code>\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement</code>
|<math>\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\,</math>
|-
|<code>\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp</code>
|<math>\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\,</math>
|}

<span id="Unsorted_(new_stuff)"></span>
=== 未排序（新内容）===

{| class="wikitable"
|<code> \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown</code>
|<math> \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown</math>
|-
|<code> \square \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge</code>
|<math> \square \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge</math>
|-
|<code> \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes</code>
|<math> \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes</math>
|-
|<code> \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant</code>
|<math> \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant</math>
|-
|<code> \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq</code>
|<math> \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq</math>
|-
|<code> \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft</code>
|<math> \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft</math>
|-
|<code> \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot</code>
|<math> \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot</math>
|-
|<code> \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq</code>
|<math> \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq</math>
|-
|<code> \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork</code>
|<math> \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork</math>
|-
|<code> \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq</code>
|<math> \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq</math>
|-
|<code> \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid</code>
|<math> \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid</math>
|-
|<code> \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr</code>
|<math> \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr</math>
|-
|<code>\subsetneq</code>
|<math>\subsetneq</math>
|-
|<code> \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq</code>
|<math> \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq</math>
|-
|<code> \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq</code>
|<math> \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq</math>
|-
|<code> \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq</code>
|<math> \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq</math>
|-
|<code>\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus</code>
|<math>\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\,</math>
|-
|<code>\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq</code>
|<math>\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\,</math>
|-
|<code>\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel</code>
|<math>\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\,</math>
|-
|<code>\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner</code>
|<math>\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner</math>
|-
|<code>\Coppa\coppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma</code>
|<math>\Coppa\coppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma</math>
|}

<span id="Larger_expressions"></span>
==大型运算符==

<span id="Subscripts,_superscripts,_integrals"></span>
===下标、上标、积分 ===

{| class="wikitable" 
!功能!!语法!!效果
|-
|上标||<code>a^2</code>||<math>a^2</math>
|-
|下标||<code>a_2</code>||<math>a_2</math>
|-
|rowspan=2|分组||<code>a^{2+2}</code>||<math>a^{2+2}</math>
|-
|<code>a_{i,j}</code>||<math>a_{i,j}</math>
|-
|rowspan=2|结合上下标(不含/含水平分离)||<code>x_2^3</code>||<math>x_2^3</math>
|-
|<code>{x_2}^3</code>||<math>{x_2}^3</math>
|-
|超乘方||<code>10^{10^{8}}</code>||<math>10^{10^{8}}</math>
|-
|rowspan="3"|Preceding and/or Additional sub & super
|<code>_nP_k</code>||<math>_nP_k</math>
|-
|<code>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</code>||<math>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</math>
|-
|<code>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</code>||<math>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</math>
|-
|rowspan="4"|堆叠
|<code>\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</code>||colspan="2"|<math>\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
|<code>\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</code>||colspan="2"|<math>\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
|<code>\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</code>||colspan="2"|<math>\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</math>
|-
|<code>\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</code>||colspan="2"|<math>\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
|-
|rowspan=2|衍生作品||<code>x', y<nowiki>''</nowiki>, f', f<nowiki>''</nowiki></code>||<math>x', y'', f', f''</math>
|-
|<code>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</code>||<math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</math>
|-
|導數點||<code>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</code>||<math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math>
|-
|rowspan="4"|底線、上橫線、向量||<code>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</code>||<math>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</math>
|-
|<code>\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</code>||<math>\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</math>
|-
|<code>\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</code>||<math>\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math>
|-
|<code>\not 1 \ \cancel{123}</code>||<math>\not 1 \ \cancel{123}</math>
|-
|箭頭||<code> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</code>||<math> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</math>
|-
|上括号||<code>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{\text{sum}\,=\,5050}</code>||<math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{\text{sum}\,=\,5050}</math>
|-
|下括号||<code>\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26\text{ terms}}</code>||<math>\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26\text{ terms}}</math>
|-
|求和||<code>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</code>||<math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
|-
|Sum (force <code>\textstyle</code>)||<code>\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 </code>||<math>\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
|-
|求积||<code>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</code>||<math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
|求积 (force&nbsp;<code>\textstyle</code>)||<code>\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</code>||<math>\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
|上积||<code>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</code>||<math>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
|上积 (force&nbsp;<code>\textstyle</code>)||<code>\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</code>||<math>\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
|-
|极限||<code>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</code>||<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
|-
|极限 (force&nbsp;<code>\textstyle</code>)||<code>\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</code>||<math>\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
|-
|积分||<code>\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</code>||<math>\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
|-
|积分（交替限制样式）||<code>\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</code>||<math>\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
|-
|积分（强制<code>\textstyle</code>）||<code>\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</code>||<math>\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>
|-
|积分 (force&nbsp;<code>\textstyle</code>, alternate limits style)||<code>\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</code>||<math>\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>
|-
|二重积分||<code>\iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy</code>||<math>\iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy</math>
|-
|三重积分||<code>\iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz</code>||<math>\iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz</math>
|-
|四重积分||<code>\iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</code>||<math>\iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</math>
|-
|线积分和路径积分||<code>\int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</code>||<math>\int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
|-
|闭合线或路径积分||<code>\oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</code>||<math>\oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
|-
|交集||<code>\bigcap_1^n p</code>||<math>\bigcap_1^n p</math>
|-
|并集||<code>\bigcup_1^k p</code>||<math>\bigcup_1^k p</math>
|}

<span id="Fractions,_matrices,_multilines"></span>
=== 分数、矩阵、多线 ===

{|  class="wikitable" 
! 功能
! 语法
! 效果
|- 
| 分数
| <code>\frac{1}{2}=0.5</code>
| <math>\frac{1}{2}=0.5</math>
|- 
| 小型分数（使用"\textstyle"）
| <code>\tfrac{1}{2} = 0.5</code>
| <math>\tfrac{1}{2} = 0.5</math>
|- 
| 大型分数
| <code>\dfrac{k}{k-1} = 0.5</code>
| <math>\dfrac{k}{k-1} = 0.5</math>
|- 
| 大分子和小分子的混合物
| <code>\dfrac{ \tfrac{1}{2}[1-(\tfrac{1}{2})^n] }{ 1-\tfrac{1}{2} } = s_n</code>
| <math>\dfrac{ \tfrac{1}{2}[1-(\tfrac{1}{2})^n] }{ 1-\tfrac{1}{2} } = s_n</math>
|- 
| 连分数 <small>（注意格式的不同）</small>
| <pre>\cfrac{2}{ c + \cfrac{2}{ d + \cfrac{1}{2} } } = a
\qquad
\dfrac{2}{ c + \dfrac{2}{ d + \dfrac{1}{2} } } = a</pre>
| <math>\cfrac{2}{ c + \cfrac{2}{ d + \cfrac{1}{2} } } = a \qquad \dfrac{2}{ c + \dfrac{2}{ d + \dfrac{1}{2} } } = a</math>
|- 
| 二项式系数
| <code>\binom{n}{k}</code>
| <math>\binom{n}{k}</math>
|- 
| 小型（“文本样式”）二项式系数
| <code>\tbinom{n}{k}</code>
| <math>\tbinom{n}{k}</math>
|- 
| 大型（“显示样式”）二项式系数
| <code>\dbinom{n}{k}</code>
| <math>\dbinom{n}{k}</math>
|- 
|  rowspan="7" | 矩阵
| <pre>\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v 
\end{matrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{matrix}</math>
|- 
| <pre>\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v 
\end{vmatrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{vmatrix}</math>
|- 
| <pre>\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</math>
|- 
| <pre>\begin{bmatrix}
0      & \cdots & 0      \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 
0      & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots
& \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} </math>
|- 
| <pre>\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</math>
|- 
| <pre>\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v 
\end{pmatrix}</pre>
| <math>\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{pmatrix}</math>
|- 
| <pre>
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
</pre>
| <math>
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
</math>
|- 
| 数组
| <pre>
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0
\end{array}
</pre>
| <math>
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0
\end{array}
</math>
|- 
| 範例
| <pre>
f(n) = 
\begin{cases} 
n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} 
\end{cases}</pre>
| <math>f(n) = 
\begin{cases}
n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 
3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} 
\end{cases} </math>
|- 
| 方程組
| <pre>\begin{cases}
3x + 5y +  z &= 1 \\
7x - 2y + 4z &= 2 \\
-6x + 3y + 2z &= 3
\end{cases}</pre>
| <math>\begin{cases}
3x + 5y +  z &= 1 \\
7x - 2y + 4z &= 2 \\
-6x + 3y + 2z &= 3
\end{cases}</math>
|- 
| 分解一個長表示式，以便在必要時將其換行
| <pre><nowiki><math>f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n</math>
<math>= a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + \cdots</math></nowiki></pre>
| <math>f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n</math> <math>= a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + \cdots</math>
|- 
|  rowspan="2" | 多行方程式
| <pre>
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2
\end{align}
</pre>
| <math>
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2
\end{align}
</math>
|- 
| <pre>
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2
\end{alignat}
</pre>
| <math>
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2
\end{alignat}
</math>
|- 
| rowspan="2" | 聯立多行方程式 <small>(<u>l</u>eft, <u>c</u>enter, <u>r</u>ight)</small>
| <pre>
\begin{array}{lcl}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z  
\end{array}</pre>
| <math>\begin{array}{lcl}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z  
\end{array}</math>
|- 
| <pre>
\begin{array}{lcr}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z     
\end{array}</pre>
| <math>\begin{array}{lcr}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z     
\end{array}</math>
|}

<span id="Parenthesizing_big_expressions,_brackets,_bars"></span>
=== 为大表达式加括号、线条等 ===

{| class="wikitable"
! 功能 !! 语法 !! 效果
|-
| 不良
| <code>( \frac{1}{2} )</code>
| <math>( \frac{1}{2} )</math>
|-
| 良好
| <code>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</code>
| <math>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</math>
|}

你可以用 <tt>\left</tt> 和 <tt>\right</tt> 来显示不同的括号： 

{| class="wikitable"
! 功能
! 语法
! 效果
|-
| 圆括号
| <code>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</code>
| <math>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</math>
|-
| 方括号
| <code>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</code>
| <math>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</math>
|-
| 花括号 <small><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(note the backslash before the braces in the code)</span></small>
| <code>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</code>
| <math>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</math>
|-
| 尖括弧
| <code>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</code>
| <math>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</math>
|-
| 豎線和雙豎<small>線（注意：｢豎線｣用於呈現絕對值函數）</small>
| <code><nowiki>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</nowiki></code>
| <math>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</math>
|-
| 取整函數：
| <code>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</code>
| <math>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</math>
|-
| 斜杠和反斜杠
| <code>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</code>
| <math>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</math>
|-
| 向上、向下和向上向下箭頭
| <code>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</code>
| <math>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</math>
|-
| 分隔符可以混合使用，只要都使用<code>\left</code>和<code>\right</code>
| <code>\left [ 0,1 \right )</code> <br/> <code><nowiki>\left \langle \psi \right |</nowiki></code>
| <math>\left [ 0,1 \right )</math> <br/> <math>\left \langle \psi \right |</math>
|-
| 如果您不希望顯示分隔符，請使用 <code>\left.</code> 或 <code>\right.</code>：
| <code>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</code>
| <math>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</math>
|-
| rowspan="7" | 分隔符的大小
| <code>\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]</code>
| <math>\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]</math>
|-
| <code>\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle</code>
| <math>\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle</math>
|-
| <code><nowiki>\big| \Big| \bigg| \Bigg| \dots \Bigg\| \bigg\| \Big\| \big\|</nowiki></code>
| <math>\big| \Big| \bigg| \Bigg| \dots \Bigg\| \bigg\| \Big\| \big\|</math>
|-
| <code>\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil</code>
| <math>\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil</math>
|-
| <code>\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow</code>
| <math>\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow</math>
|-
| <code>\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow</code>
| <math>\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow</math>
|-
| <code>\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash</code>
| <math>\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash</math>
|}

<span id="Alphabets_and_typefaces"></span>
== 字母和字體 ==

[[w:Texvc|Texvc]]無法呈現任意[[w:Unicode|Unicode]]字符。可以透過下表顯示可顯示的字元。
對於其他字元，例如[[w:Cyrillic|西里爾字母]]，它們可以作為Unicode或HTML實體在運行文本中輸入，但無法在公式顯示。

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | 希腊字母
|-
|<code><nowiki>\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta</nowiki></code>
|<math>\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu</nowiki></code>
|<math>\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau</nowiki></code>
|<math>\Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega</nowiki></code>
|<math>\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta</nowiki></code>
|<math>\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu</nowiki></code>
|<math>\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\nu \xi \omicron \pi \rho \sigma \tau</nowiki></code>
|<math>\nu \xi \omicron \pi \rho \sigma \tau \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega</nowiki></code>
|<math>\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa</nowiki></code>
|<math>\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi</nowiki></code>
|<math>\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 黑板粗體/字形
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}\,</math>
|-
| <code><nowiki>\C \N \Q \R \Z</nowiki></code>
|<math>\C \N \Q \R \Z</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 粗體（向量）
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 粗體（希臘字母）
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Omicron} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Omicron} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\omicron} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\omicron} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 斜體
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 羅馬字體
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}\,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 德文尖角體
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 書法/字形
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T} \,</math>
|-
|<code><nowiki>\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}</nowiki></code>
|<math>\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}\,</math>
|-
! colspan="2" | 希伯來字母
|-
|<code><nowiki>\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth</nowiki></code>
|<math>\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth\,</math>
|}

{|  class="wikitable" 
! 功能
! 语法
! 效果
|- 
| 非斜体字符
| <code><nowiki>\mbox{abc}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\mbox{abc}</math>
|- 
| 混合斜体 (差)
| <code><nowiki>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}</math>
|- 
| 混合斜体 (佳)
| <code><nowiki>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}</math>
|- 
| 混合斜体（更多: ~ is a non-breaking space, 用 "\ " 强制空格）
| <code><nowiki>\mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}</math>
|}

<span id="Color"></span>
== 颜色 ==

公式可以有颜色：

*<code>{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{YellowOrange}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}</code>
*:<math>{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{YellowOrange}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}</math>
*<code>x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}</code>
*:<math>x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>

所有的已命名颜色可以在[https://web.archive.org/web/20120105140239/http://people.oregonstate.edu/~peterseb/tex/samples/docs/color-package-demo.pdf 这里]（已存档）找到。

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
如果需要对公式进行标识，不要仅仅使用颜色。黑白打印后就看不出颜色了，而且有人可能是色盲。另见[[en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Color coding]]。
</div>

<span id="Formatting_issues"></span>
== 格式问题 ==

<span id="Spacing"></span>
=== 空格 ===

注意{{TeX}}自动处理大多数空格，但有时你可能需要手动控制。 

{|  class="wikitable"
! 功能
! 语法
! 效果
|- 
| double quad space
| <code><nowiki>a \qquad b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a \qquad b</math>
|- 
| quad space
| <code><nowiki>a \quad b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a \quad b</math>
|- 
| 文本空間
| <code><nowiki>a\ b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a\ b</math>
|- 
| 沒有PNG轉換的文字空間
| <code><nowiki>a \mbox{ } b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a \mbox{ } b</math>
|- 
| large space
| <code><nowiki>a\;b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a\;b</math>
|- 
| medium space
| <code><nowiki>a\&gt;b</nowiki></code>
| [not supported]
|- 
| small space
| <code><nowiki>a\,b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a\,b</math>
|- 
| no space
| <code><nowiki>ab</nowiki></code>
| <math>ab\,</math>
|- 
| small negative space
| <code><nowiki>a\!b</nowiki></code>
| <math>a\!b</math>
|}

自動間距可能會在很長的表達式中被破壞（因為它們在{{TeX}}中產生一個過滿的hbox）：
:<code><nowiki><math>0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots</math></nowiki></code>
:<math>0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots</math>

這可以透過在整個表達式兩測放置一對大括弧{}來補救：
:<code><nowiki><math>{0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots}</math></nowiki></code>
:<math>{0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots}</math>

{{anchor|Phantom}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Empty horizontal or vertical spacing ====
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The <code>phantom</code> commands create empty horizontal and/or vertical space the same height and/or width of the argument.
</div>

{|  class="wikitable"
! 特性
! 語法
! 效果
|- 
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Empty horizontal and vertical spacing</span>
| <code><nowiki>\Gamma^{\phantom{i}j}_{i\phantom{j}k}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\Gamma^{\phantom{i}j}_{i\phantom{j}k}</math>
|- 
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Empty vertical spacing</span>
| <code><nowiki>-e\sqrt{\vphantom{p'}p},\; -e'\sqrt{p'},\; \ldots</nowiki></code>
| <math>-e\sqrt{\vphantom{p'}p},\; -e'\sqrt{p'},\; \ldots</math>
|- 
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Empty horizontal spacing</span>
| <code><nowiki>\int u^2\,du=\underline{\hphantom{(2/3)u^3+C}}</nowiki></code>
| <math>\int u^2\,du=\underline{\hphantom{(2/3)u^3+C}}</math>
|}


<span id="Alignment_with_normal_text_flow"></span>
=== 与正常文本流对齐 ===

由于默认css

<pre>img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }</pre>

像<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>这样的行内表达式应该效果不错。

If you need to align it otherwise, use <code><nowiki><math style="vertical-align:-100%;">...</math></nowiki></code> and play with the <code>vertical-align</code> argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use it sparingly, if at all.

<span id="Chemistry"></span>
=== 化学 ===

有兩種方法可以呈現化學方程式中使用的化學和式：
*<code><nowiki><math chem></nowiki></code>
*<code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code>

<code><nowiki><chem>X</chem></nowiki></code> 是 <code><nowiki><math chem>\ce{X}</math></nowiki></code>的縮寫

（其中 <code>X</code> 是化學總和式）

根據[http://mathjax.readthedocs.org/en/latest/tex.html#mhchem mathjax documentation]，技術上來說<code><nowiki><math chem></nowiki></code>是一個啟用了擴展<code>mhchem</code>的<code>math</code>標籤。

請注意，命令 <code>cee</code>和<code>cf</code> 處於禁用狀態，因為它們在 [http://www.ctan.org/pkg/mhchem mhchem LaTeX package documentation]軟體包文檔中被標記為已棄用。

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If the formula reaches a certain "complexity", spaces might be ignored (<code><nowiki><chem>A + B</chem></nowiki></code> might be rendered as if it were <code><nowiki><chem>A+B</chem></nowiki></code> with a positive charge). In that case, write <code><nowiki><chem>A{} + B</chem></nowiki></code> (and ''not'' <code><nowiki><chem>{A} + {B}</chem></nowiki></code> as was previously suggested). This will allow auto-cleaning of formulae once the bug will be fixed and/or a newer <code>mhchem</code> version will be used.
</div>

参见下面的例子。

<span id="Examples"></span>
== {{LC zh|C|zh-hans=示例|zh-hant=範例}} ==

<div style="text-align:center">
<span id="Chemistry"></span>
=== 化学 ===
 <nowiki><chem>C6H5-CHO</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>C6H5-CHO</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>\mathit{A} ->[\ce{+H2O}] \mathit{B}</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>\mathit{A} ->[\ce{+H2O}] \mathit{B}</chem>

 <nowiki><math chem>A \ce{->[\ce{+H2O}]} B</math></nowiki>
 <math chem>A \ce{->[\ce{+H2O}]} B</math>

 <nowiki><chem>SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>H2NCO2- + H2O <=> NH4+ + CO3^2-</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>H2NCO2- + H2O <=> NH4+ + CO3^2-</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>H2O</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>H2O</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>Sb2O3</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>Sb2O3</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>H+</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>H+</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>CrO4^2-</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>CrO4^2-</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>AgCl2-</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>AgCl2-</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>[AgCl2]-</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>[AgCl2]-</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>Y^{99}+</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>Y^{99}+</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>Y^{99+}</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>Y^{99+}</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>H2_{(aq)}</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>H2_{(aq)}</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>NO3-</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>NO3-</chem>

 <nowiki><chem>(NH4)2S</chem></nowiki>
 <chem>(NH4)2S</chem>

<span id="Quadratic_Polynomial"></span>
=== 二次多项式 ===
 <math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math></nowiki>

<span id="Quadratic_Polynomial_(Force_PNG_Rendering)"></span>
=== 二次多项式（强制PNG渲染） ===
 <math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,</math></nowiki>

<span id="Quadratic_Formula"></span>
=== 二次公式 ===
 <math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math></nowiki>

<span id="Tall_Parentheses_and_Fractions"></span>
=== 大括号和分数 ===
 <math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x} \right)</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>2 = \left(
 \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
 \right)</math></nowiki>

 <!--T:108-->
<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
 <nowiki>
 <math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
 </nowiki>

<span id="Integrals"></span>
===积分===
 <math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
 = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math></nowiki>

<span id="Summation"></span>
=== 求和 ===
 <math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
 {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math></nowiki>

<span id="Differential_Equation"></span>
=== 微分方程 ===
 <math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math></nowiki>

<span id="Complex_numbers"></span>
=== 复数 ===
 <math>|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
 |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
 \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math></nowiki>

<span id="Limits"></span>
=== 极限 ===
 <math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math></nowiki>

<span id="Integral_Equation"></span>
=== 积分方程 ===
 <math>\phi_n(\kappa)
 = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}  \frac{\partial}{\partial R}  \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
 \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
 \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
 \frac{\partial}{\partial R}
 \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math></nowiki>

<span id="Example"></span>
=== -{zh-hans:示例; zh-hant:範例;}- ===
 <math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 
 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
 \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math></nowiki>

<span id="Continuation_and_cases"></span>
===延續和案例===
 <math>f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
 \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\ 1 - x^2 & \mbox{otherwise}\end{cases}</math>
 
 <nowiki><math>
 f(x) =
 \begin{cases}
 1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
 \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
 1 - x^2 & \mbox{otherwise}
 \end{cases}
 </math></nowiki>

<span id="Prefixed_subscript"></span>
===前綴下標===
 <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}</math>
 
 <nowiki> <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z)
 = \sum_{n=0}^\infty
 \frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n}
 \frac{z^n}{n!}</math></nowiki>

<span id="Fraction_and_small_fraction"></span>
===分數和小分數===
 <math> \frac {a}{b}</math> &emsp; <math> \tfrac {a}{b} </math>
 <nowiki><math> \frac {a}{b}\  \tfrac {a}{b} </math></nowiki>
</div>

<span id="Bug_reports"></span>
== 漏洞反馈 ==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Bug reports and feature requests should be reported on [[Phabricator]] with the tag [[phab:tag/Math|Math]].
</div>

<span id="See_also"></span>
==參見==

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
*[[Help:Comparison between ParserFunctions syntax and TeX syntax|Comparison between ParserFunctions syntax and {{TeX}} syntax]]
*[[w:Wikipedia:How to write a Wikipedia article on Mathematics#Typesetting_of_mathematical_formulas|Typesetting of mathematical formulas]]
*[[mw:Extension:Score|Score]] — extension for music markup
*[[w:Table of mathematical symbols|Table of mathematical symbols]]
*[[mw:Extension:Blahtex]], or [[w:Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Archive10#blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter|blahtex: a LaTeX to MathML converter for Wikipedia]]
*[[Help:Editing|General help]] for editing a Wiki page
*[[Mimetex alternative]] for another way to display mathematics using Mimetex.cgi
</div>

<span id="External_links"></span>
== 外部链接 ==

*[http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/ A LaTeX tutorial]
*[https://www.cs.usask.ca/documents/latex/03-math.pdf LaTeX, A Short Course: Typesetting Mathematics]
*A [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/gentle/gentle.pdf paper introducing {{TeX}}]—see page 39 onwards for a good introduction to the maths side of things.
*A [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf paper introducing LaTeX]—skip to page 49 for the math section. See page 63 for a complete reference list of symbols included in LaTeX and AMS-LaTeX.
*[http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List]
* [https://mathvault.ca/wp-content/uploads/Comprehensive-List-of-Mathematical-Symbols.pdf Comprehensive List of Mathematical Symbols]
*[http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html AMS-LaTeX guide]
*[http://us.metamath.org/symbols/symbols.html A set of public domain fixed-size math symbol bitmaps]
*[[w:MathML|MathML]]: A product of the [[w:W3C|W3C]] [http://www.w3.org/Math/ Math working group], is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication.