Help:Special characters

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<languages /> Template:PD Help Page <translate> MediaWiki uses Unicode (UTF-8) for character encoding.</translate> Template:Tmpl <translate> The characters are encoded using a variable number of bytes per character.</translate>

<translate>

Notable special characters

</translate> <translate> Accented letters and umlauts</translate>

À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Œ Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ

<translate> Punctuation marks</translate>

¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • - – —

<translate> Business symbols</translate>

™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤

<translate> Greek alphabets</translate>

α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω

<translate> Mathematical symbols</translate>

∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø ∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ℵ ∉

<translate> Subscript and superscript characters</translate>

x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉ x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴ x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹

<translate>

Typing special characters

</translate>

  • <translate> Use a <tvar name=1>Template:Int</tvar> button above the edit box.</translate> <translate> This requires the wiki to have the <tvar name=1>Template:Ll</tvar> extension installed.</translate> <translate> The available characters depend on the wiki and user preferences; the lists can be collapsible or menu-selected.</translate>
  • <translate> Copy the character from a webpage or a local page.</translate> <translate> It shouldn't be an image or part of an image, such as those generated by the [[<tvar name="1">Extension:Math/Syntax</tvar>|TeX feature]] of the wiki.</translate>
  • <translate> Use a special keyboard or a special browser function.</translate> <translate> The {{<tvar name="1">ll|Help:Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector/Input methods</tvar>|UniversalLanguageSelector extension}} provides various built-in special keyboards.</translate>
  • <translate> Use an HTML named character entity reference like <tvar name="1">&agrave;</tvar> or an HTML numeric character reference like <tvar name="2">&#161;</tvar>, then copy the character from the preview.</translate> <translate> The code itself used to be stored in the wikitext.</translate> <translate> This might still be present on some pages and can affect the internal search function.</translate> <translate> Some characters like "→" can't be found by the search function unless coded as <tvar name=1>&rarr;</tvar>.</translate> <translate> See <tvar name="1">Template:Ll</tvar>.</translate>

<translate>

Linking text with special characters

</translate> <translate> Many users have a setting that displays underlined links.</translate> <translate> This setting is available in the "<tvar name="1">Template:Int</tvar> > <tvar name="2">Template:Int</tvar>" section on the [[<tvar name="3">Special:preferences</tvar>|Preferences]] page.</translate> <translate> For example, when adding a link to characters like +, −, <, >, ⊂, ⊃, with underlined links enabled (thus rendering as <tvar name=1></tvar>+, −, <, >, ⊂, ⊃<tvar name=2></tvar>), they may look like different symbols such as ±, =, ≤, ≥, ⊆, ⊇.</translate> <translate> Suppose you want to link the mathematical symbols for "subset" and "superset" in a MediaWiki article.</translate> <translate> If you simply link the symbols ⊂ and ⊃, they might be confusing or mistaken for other symbols due to their visual similarity.</translate> <translate> Here's how you can use clear links to represent subset and superset.</translate>

<translate> Wikitext</translate> <translate> Rendering</translate>

A [[Subset|⊂]] B

A ⊂ B

A [[Superset|⊃]] B

A ⊃ B

<translate> This links ⊂ and ⊃ to the "Subset" and "Superset" articles respectively, making it clear that ⊂ represents a subset or superset.</translate>

If you want to combine symbols and text to make it clearer, you can use: A [[Subset|⊂]] B (where ⊂ indicates a subset) <translate> This provides context for the symbol ⊂ by explicitly mentioning that it indicates a subset.</translate>

<translate> There's less risk of confusion when linking phrases or multiple characters.</translate> <translate> For example:</translate> [[x|''x'' > 3]]

<translate> <tvar name="1">x</tvar> is the target page, and <tvar name="2">x > 3</tvar> is the text that will appear as the link.</translate> <translate> The use of <tvar name=1>''</tvar> around <tvar name="2">x</tvar> indicates emphasis (italicization), making it stand out.</translate> <translate> This visual distinction helps users recognize that it's a specific term or variable, not just a random character.</translate>

<translate>

Alt keycodes

</translate> Template:See also <translate> Certain special characters with decimal codepoints below 256 can be typed using the keyboard by pressing Alt + Decimal code numbers.

For example, to type the character é (small e with acute accent, HTML entity code <tvar name=1>&eacute;</tvar>), press Alt + 130, then release Alt.

However, some special characters like <tvar name=1>λ</tvar> (small lambda) cannot be typed using their decimal codes (955 or 0955) with the Alt key in applications like Notepad or Internet Explorer, resulting in incorrect characters like "╗" or "»". </translate>

<translate> Wordpad, on the other hand, supports decimal codepoints above 256, allowing you to enter and copy special/unicode characters.</translate> <translate> Alternatively, you can use hex codepoints followed by <tvar name=1>Template:Key press</tvar> in Wordpad or Word (not in IE or Notepad).</translate> <translate> For instance, type <tvar name=1>3BB</tvar> (the hex code for <tvar name=2>λ</tvar>) and press <tvar name=3>Template:Key press</tvar> to convert <tvar name=4>3BB</tvar> into <tvar name=5>λ</tvar>.</translate> <translate> Pressing <tvar name=1>Template:Key press</tvar> again will revert <tvar name=2>λ</tvar> to <tvar name="3">3BB</tvar>.</translate> <translate> This allows you to copy and paste the character wherever needed, or use its HTML codes <tvar name=1>&#x3BB;</tvar> or <tvar name=2>&lambda;</tvar>.</translate>

<translate>

Mathematical notation

You can use {{<tvar name="1">ll|Help:HTML in wikitext</tvar>|HTML <tvar name="2"><sup></tvar> and <tvar name="3"><sub></tvar> tags}} to generate superscript and subsript characters without directly typing them in wikitext: </translate>

  • x<sub>k</sub> -> xk
  • x<sub>k</sup> -> xk

<translate> Some characters can be directly entered using HTML entities: </translate>

  • &rarr; -> →, etc.

<translate> More complex equations can be entered using [[<tvar name="1">Extension:Math/Syntax</tvar>|<tvar name="2"><math></tvar> syntax]]: </translate>

  • <math>\sqrt x</math> → x
  • <math>x_k</math> -> xk
  • <math>x^k</math> -> xk

<translate>

Egyptian hieroglyphs

</translate> <translate> To display Egyptian hieroglyphs, use the <tvar name="1"><hiero></tvar> tag.</translate> <translate> For example:</translate>

  • {{#tag:hiero|a-p:t-q}} -> <hiero>a-p:t-q</hiero>

<translate> See <tvar name="1">Template:Ll</tvar> for more details.

External resources for Unicode characters

</translate>

<translate>

See also

</translate>

<translate>

Notes

</translate>


[[Category:Help{{#translation:}}]]

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